Glaucoma: The Silent Threat to Vision – Symptoms, Tests, and Treatment Explained

What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that causes increased pressure inside the eye, damaging the optic nerve. If left untreated, it can result in permanent vision loss and even blindness. It’s one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, but early detection and proper management can help slow or prevent its progression.

Being diagnosed with glaucoma or learning you’re at risk can be overwhelming. Vision plays a crucial role in our daily lives; losing it can be frightening. However, with regular eye exams and proper care, many forms of glaucoma can be effectively managed. 

Symptoms and Causes

What are the symptoms of glaucoma?

Glaucoma often progresses without noticeable symptoms in the early stages, which is why many people may not even realize they have it. As the disease advances, glaucoma symptoms may include:

• Eye pain or pressure
• Headaches
• Red or bloodshot eyes
• Blurred vision
• Gradual vision loss or blind spots
• Tunnel vision (loss of peripheral vision)

Some types of glaucoma, particularly angle-closure glaucoma, can cause sudden and severe symptoms requiring immediate medical attention:

• Sudden vision loss
• Intense eye pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Seeing halos around lights
• Enlarged or bulging eyeballs

What causes glaucoma?

Glaucoma is caused by damage to the optic nerve, usually due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP). This happens when the eye’s drainage system doesn’t function properly, leading to fluid buildup. A glaucoma diagnostic test can help detect the condition early, especially for those at higher risk due to factors like genetics, other eye conditions, or medical issues such as diabetes or high blood pressure.

Types of Glaucoma

Glaucoma is classified into several types, including:

• Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The most common type, where the drainage canals slowly become less efficient, leading to gradual pressure buildup.
• Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Occurs when the iris blocks fluid drainage, causing a sudden spike in eye pressure.
• Secondary Glaucoma: Results from another condition, such as an eye injury, inflammation, or medication side effects.
• Congenital Glaucoma: A rare condition present at birth due to improper eye development.

Risk Factors for Glaucoma

Certain factors can increase your risk of developing glaucoma, including:

• Age: More common in individuals over 40
• Family History: A genetic predisposition increases the likelihood
• Ethnicity: People of African, Asian, or Inuit descent face higher risks
• Eye Conditions: Nearsightedness or farsightedness can contribute
• Chronic Conditions: Diabetes and high blood pressure can elevate risk

Complications of Glaucoma

If glaucoma is left untreated, it can cause severe vision loss and even total blindness. Since the damage is irreversible, regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and treatment. For comprehensive eye care and a wide range of eyewear options, visit Abasa Optical in Clayton Heights, Surrey, B.C. You can also learn more about their eye exam services here.

Treatment and Management

The primary goal of glaucoma treatment is to lower intraocular pressure to prevent further damage. Treatment options include:

• Medications: Eye drops to reduce pressure
• Laser Therapy: Helps improve fluid drainage
• Surgery: In severe cases, procedures like trabeculectomy or tube shunts may be necessary

Abasa Optical work with professional opticians to ensure you receive the best treatment for your condition.

Prevention

While glaucoma cannot be entirely prevented, early detection and proactive care can help manage its progression:

• Regular Eye Exams: Early detection is key
• Managing Health Conditions: Keep diabetes and blood pressure under control
• Protecting Your Eyes: Wear protective eyewear to prevent injuries

Conclusion

Glaucoma is a serious but manageable condition. Regular eye exams, early detection, and proper treatment can help protect your vision. If you’re due for an eye checkup or have concerns about your eye health, visit Abasa Optical today.